How AI Works

How do machines actually learn from data? What's a transformer, and why does it matter? How do you take a trained model and make it useful for a specific task? The answers span a wide range - from fundamental learning approaches and model architectures like neural networks and diffusion models, through to the practical tools people use every day like prompt engineering and AI agents. You don't need to master everything here to be effective with AI, but the more you understand about how these systems work under the surface, the better your judgment will be about what to trust, what to question, and where the real opportunities lie.